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Acronyms
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Acronym | Definition | AMSR-E | Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System | AMSU-B | Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – B | ATBD | Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document | C3S | Copernicus Climate Change Service | CC | Correlation coefficient | CDR | Climate Data Record | CDS | Climate Data Store | CMSAF | Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring | CNR | National Research Council of Italy | COBRA | Copernicus Microwave-based Global Precipitation | CONUS | Continental Unites States of America | DWD | Deutscher Wetterdienst (Germany's National Meteorological Service) | ECMWF | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts | ERA5 | ECMWF Reanalysis v5 | EUMETSAT | European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites | FAR | False alarm rate | FCDR | Fundamental Climate Data Record | FP | False precipitation | GCOS | Global Climate Observing System | GPCC | Global Precipitation Climatology Centre | GPCP | Global Precipitation Climatology Project | GPROF | Goddard PROFiling algorithm | HE | Hit error | HOAPS | Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data | HR | Hit rate | HSS | Heideke Skill Score | ISAC | Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate | JND | Joint normalised density | KPI | Key Performance Indicator | ME | Mean error | MFP | Mean false precipitation | MHE | Mean hit error | MHS | Microwave Humidity Sounder | MMP | Mean missed precipitation | MP | Missed precipitation | MRMS | Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System | MW | Microwave | NIMROD | Precipitation Radar Dataset for Europe | NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | OceanRAIN | Ocean Rainfall And Ice-phase precipitation measurement Network | PACRAIN | Pacific Rainfall Database | PNPR-CLIM | Passive microwave Neural network Precipitation Retrieval for CLIMate applications | POD | Probability of detection | PQAD | Product Quality Assurance Document | RMSE | Root mean squared error | RQI | Radar Quality Index | SMMR | Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer | SSM/I | Special Sensor Microwave Imager | SSMIS | Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder | TMI | TRMM Microwave Imager | TRMM | Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission | UTC | Coordinated Universal Time | WCRP | World Climate Research Programme |
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Table 5: Basic statistics for global mean differences of daily and monthly COBRA precipitation estimates with GPCP, ERA5 and GPCC datasets as references. GPCC covers land only, so COBRA data have been filtered respectively for this comparison. Minimum, maximum, mean, median, root mean square deviation and both quantiles are given in mm/d. The slope's unit is mm/d/decade. The second-to-last column indicates the fraction of temporal instances at which the target requirement of absolute differences between COBRA and a reference dataset staying below 0.3 mm/d is met. The last column ("slope") contains the linear trend in the respective time series of differences, see main text.
| Refer ence Product | Min. diff. | 2.5%-quan tile | Median | Mean | 97.5%-quan tile | Max. diff. | RMS deviation | Absolute < 0.3 mm/d | Slope3 |
Monthly
| GPCP | -0.424 | -0.376 | -0.111 | -0.132 | 0.014 | 0.048 | 0.099 | 91.7% | 0.034 |
ERA5 | -0.655 | -0.634 | -0.372 | -0.384 | -0.275 | -0.236 | 0.077 | 6.5% | 0.004 |
GPCC | -0.946 | -0.792 | -0.147 | -0.189 | 0.065 | 0.177 | 0.193 | 82.87% | 0.075 |
Daily
| GPCP | -0.813 | -0.462 | -0.123 | -0.126 | 7.881 | 0.737 | 0.166 | 84.7% | 0.018 |
ERA5 | -0.799 | -0.609 | -0.391 | -0.393 | 7.611 | 0.002 | 0.098 | 16.2% | -0.010 |
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3 Use only data since 2001-04-01, i.e. no NOAA15 data |
Requirements for the accuracy and stability of the data have been formulated with respect to global mean precipitation rates, see the PUGS [D3]. The accuracy, i.e., absolute difference between the COBRA data and an appropriate reference dataset, shall remain below 0.3 mm/d at all times. The stability, i.e., the trend in the respective differences, shall remain below 0.034 mm/d/decade.
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Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (2017). ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate [Data set]. Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (CDS), 21/12/2018. https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home
Kirstetter, P.-E., et al. (2012). Toward a Framework for Systematic Error Modeling of Spaceborne Precipitation Radar with NOAA/NSSL Ground Radar–Based National Mosaic QPE. J. of Hydrometerol., 13(4), 1285–1300. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-0139.1
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